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菅原 隆徳; 武井 早憲; 辻本 和文
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 125, p.242 - 248, 2019/03
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：21.58(Nuclear Science & Technology)成立性の高い加速器駆動核変換システム(ADS)を実現するため、信頼性の高い加速器と安全性を考慮したプラント設計に関する検討を行った。信頼性の高い加速器については、ビームトリップ頻度を低減するため、多重化加速器概念を提案した。J-PARC LINACの運転データに基づく評価結果から、多重化加速器概念ではビームトリップ頻度が大幅に改善することが示された。LBE冷却型ADSの安全設計として、崩壊熱除去系(PRACS)の基礎的な検討を実施した。ここではPRACSの熱交換器が蒸気発生器と一体化した概念を提案し、除熱源喪失時の過渡解析を行った。解析の結果、PRACSが正常に動作すれば、崩壊熱の除熱が適切に行われることを示した。
渡辺 正*; 石垣 将宏*; 勝山 仁哉
Proceedings of 12th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-12) (USB Flash Drive), 9 Pages, 2018/10
LSTF及びPWRプラントに対する5%コールドレグ破断による冷却材喪失事故について、これらを対象とした解析モデルを整備し、RELAP5/MOD3.3コードを用いて解析を行った。臨界流モデルの放出係数は、LSTFに対する実験と解析の圧力過渡が一致するよう決定し、PWR解析にも適用した。その結果、解析結果は、LSTF実験に対する熱水力学的挙動をよく再現できることを示した。しかしながら、ループシールよる炉心における差圧の減少やループ流速は過小評価された。また、LSTF実験に対する解析ではボイルオフ中における炉心の加熱時間は長いものの、LSTFとPWRプラント間ではそれらはよく一致することから、スケーリング効果は小さいことも明らかとなった。
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 5(4), p.18-00077_1 - 18-00077_14, 2018/08
We conducted an experiment focusing on nitrogen gas behavior during reflux condensation in PWR with ROSA/LSTF. The primary pressure was lower than 1 MPa under constant core power of 0.7% of volumetric-scaled (1/48) PWR nominal power. Steam generator (SG) secondary-side collapsed liquid level was maintained at certain liquid level above SG U-tube height. Nitrogen gas was injected stepwise into each SG inlet plenum at certain constant amount. The primary pressure and degree of subcooling of SG U-tubes were largely dependent on amount of nitrogen gas accumulated in SG U-tubes. Nitrogen gas accumulated from outlet towards inlet of SG U-tubes. Non-uniform flow behavior was observed among SG U-tubes with nitrogen gas ingress. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated remaining problems in predictions of the primary pressure and degree of subcooling of SG U-tubes depending on number of nitrogen gas injection. We studied further non-uniform flow behavior through sensitivity analyses.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 50(6), p.829 - 841, 2018/08
被引用回数：13 パーセンタイル：79.66(Nuclear Science & Technology)An experiment was conducted for OECD/NEA ROSA-2 Project using LSTF, which simulated 17% hot leg intermediate-break LOCA in PWR. Core uncovery started simultaneously with liquid level drop in crossover leg downflow-side before loop seal clearing, and water remaining occurred on upper core plate. Results of uncertainty analysis with RELAP5/MOD3.3 code clarified influences of combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within defined uncertain ranges. An experiment was performed for OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project with PKL. The LSTF test simulated PWR 1% hot leg small-break LOCA with steam generator secondary-side depressurization as accident management measure and nitrogen gas inflow. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for primary pressure, core collapsed liquid level, and cladding surface temperature probably due to effects of differences between LSTF and PKL in configuration, geometry, and volumetric size.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, 2018, p.7635878_1 - 7635878_19, 2018/00
被引用回数：2 パーセンタイル：20.93(Nuclear Science & Technology)Three tests were carried out with LSTF, simulating accident management (AM) measures during PWR station blackout transient with loss of primary coolant under assumptions of nitrogen gas inflow and total-failure of high-pressure injection system. As AM measures, steam generator (SG) depressurization was done by fully opening relief valves, and auxiliary feedwater was injected into secondary-side simultaneously. Conditions for break size and onset timing of AM measures were different. Primary pressure decreased to below 1 MPa with or without primary depressurization by fully opening pressurizer relief valve. Nonuniform flow behaviors were observed in SG U-tubes with gas ingress depending on gas accumulation rate in two tests that gas accumulated remarkably. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated remaining problems in predictions of primary pressure, SG U-tube liquid levels, and natural circulation mass flow rates after gas inflow and accumulator flow rate through analyses for two tests.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 109, p.9 - 21, 2017/11
被引用回数：8 パーセンタイル：61.27(Nuclear Science & Technology)An experiment was conducted for the OECD/NEA ROSA-2 Project using LSTF, which simulated a cold leg intermediate-break loss-of-coolant accident with 17% break in a PWR. Assumptions were made such as single-failure of high-pressure and low-pressure injection systems. In the LSTF test, core dryout took place because of rapid drop in the core liquid level. Liquid was accumulated in upper plenum, SG U-tube upflow-side and inlet plena because of counter-current flow limiting (CCFL). The post-test analysis by RELAP5/MOD3.3 code revealed that peak cladding temperature (PCT) was overpredicted because of underprediction of the core liquid level due to inadequate prediction of accumulator flow rate. We found the combination of multiple uncertain parameters including the Wallis CCFL correlation at the upper core plate, core decay power, and steam convective heat transfer coefficient in the core within the defined uncertain ranges largely affected the PCT.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 49(5), p.928 - 940, 2017/08
被引用回数：4 パーセンタイル：37.06(Nuclear Science & Technology)An experiment using PKL was performed for the OECD/NEA PKL-3 Project as a counterpart to a previous test with LSTF on a cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accident with an accident management measure in a PWR. The rate of steam generator secondary-side depressurization was controlled to achieve a primary depressurization rate of 200 K/h as a common test condition. In both tests, rapid recovery started in the core collapsed liquid level after loop seal clearing. Some discrepancies appeared between the LSTF and PKL test results for the core collapsed liquid level, the cladding surface temperature, and the primary pressure. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated a remaining problem in the prediction of primary coolant distribution. Results of uncertainty analysis for the LSTF test clarified the influences of the combination of multiple uncertain parameters on peak cladding temperature within the defined uncertain ranges.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Proceedings of 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-25) (CD-ROM), 11 Pages, 2017/07
An experiment focusing on nitrogen gas behavior during reflux cooling in a PWR was performed with the LSTF. The test conditions were made such as the constant core power of 0.7% of the volumetric-scaled PWR nominal power and the primary pressure of lower than 1 MPa. The steam generator (SG) secondary-side collapsed liquid level was maintained at a certain liquid level above the SG tube height. Nitrogen gas was injected stepwise into each SG inlet plenum at a certain constant amount. The primary pressure and the SG U-tube fluid temperatures were greatly dependent on the amount of nitrogen gas accumulated in the SG U-tubes. Non-uniform flow behavior was observed among the SG U-tubes with nitrogen gas ingress. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the primary pressure and the SG U-tube fluid temperatures after nitrogen gas inflow.
本多 友貴; 稲葉 良知; 中川 繁昭; 山崎 和則; 小林 正一; 青野 哲也; 柴田 大受; 石塚 悦男
JAEA-Technology 2017-013, 20 Pages, 2017/06
JAEA-Technology-2017-013.pdf:2.52MB
崩壊熱は高温ガス炉の代表的な事象である減圧事故時の高温ガス炉の固有の安全性を示す上で重要な因子である。これまで、安全評価で使用する崩壊熱については、旧原子力安全委員会の安全審査指針に基づき、十分な保守性を考慮した評価式を用いてきた。一方で、社会的ニーズである確率論的リスク評価実施に向けて不確実さ評価の重要性が高まっている。これを受けて、原子力機構では、高温工学試験研究炉(HTTR)を活用して不確実さ評価手法の確立を目指した研究を進めているが、本検討を進めるにあたり参照値となる崩壊熱データが必要となった。しかしながら、これまで、ブロック型高温ガス炉を対象とした崩壊熱最適評価手法の適用性確認に必要なデータは存在していない。そこで、HTTRを用いて、実炉データに基づく崩壊熱の評価を実施し、崩壊熱最適評価手法の適用性確認に必要なデータ取得を目指す。一連の試験の初めとして、平成28年度2月に、長期運転をしていないHTTRを用いて、崩壊熱が無い理想的な条件の下、崩壊熱評価の適用性確認試験(コールド試験)実施し、高温ガス炉の残留熱除熱特性データを取得した。本報告書では、実炉データに基づく崩壊熱の評価手法の提案をすると共に、当該評価に必要となる原子炉の残留熱除熱特性評価手法の検証について報告する。
竹田 武司; 大貫 晃*; 金森 大輔*; 大津 巌
Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, 2016, p.7481793_1 - 7481793_15, 2016/00
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：10.71(Nuclear Science & Technology)Two tests related to a new safety system for PWR were performed with ROSA/LSTF. The tests simulated cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accidents with 2-inch diameter break using an early steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization with or without release of nitrogen gas dissolved in accumulator (ACC) water. The pressure difference between the primary and SG secondary sides after the actuation of ACC system was larger in the test with the dissolved gas release than in the test without the dissolved gas release. No core uncovery and heatup took place because of the ACC coolant injection and two-phase natural circulation. The RELAP5 code predicted most of the overall trends of the major thermal-hydraulic responses after adjusting a break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow under the assumption of releasing all the dissolved gas at the vessel upper plenum.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Mechanical Engineering Journal (Internet), 2(5), p.15-00132_1 - 15-00132_15, 2015/10
An experiment on a PWR station blackout transient with accident management (AM) measures was conducted using the ROSA/LSTF under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow to primary system from accumulator tanks. The AM measures considered are SG secondary-side depressurization by fully opening safety valves in both SGs with start of core uncovery and coolant injection into the secondary-side of both SGs at low pressures. The primary pressure started to decrease when the SG primary-to-secondary heat removal resumed soon after the SG secondary-side coolant injection. The primary depressurization worsened due to the gas accumulation in SG U-tubes after accumulator completion. The RELAP5 code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the SG U-tube collapsed liquid level and primary mass flow rate after gas ingress. The SG coolant injection flow rate was found to significantly affect the peak cladding temperature and the ACC actuation time through RELAP5 sensitivity analyses.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Journal of Energy and Power Sources, 2(7), p.274 - 290, 2015/07
An experiment on accident management (AM) measures during a PWR station blackout transient with leakage from primary coolant pump seals was conducted using the ROSA/LSTF under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow to the primary system from accumulator tanks. The AM measures are steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization by fully opening safety valves (SVs) in both SGs and primary-side depressurization by fully opening SV in pressurizer with the start of core uncovery and coolant injection into the SG secondary-side at low pressures. The decrease was accelerated in the primary pressure when the SG primary-to-secondary heat removal resumed soon after the coolant injection into the SG secondary-side. The primary depressurization worsened due to the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes after accumulator completion. Remaining problems in the RELAP5 code include the predictions of pressure difference between the primary and SG secondary sides after the gas inflow.
竹田 武司; 大貫 晃*; 西 弘昭*
Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 9(5), p.426 - 442, 2015/05
RELAP5 code analyses were performed on two ROSA/LSTF validation tests for PWR safety system that simulated cold leg small-break loss-of-coolant accidents with 8-in. or 4-in. diameter break using SG (steam generator) secondary-side depressurization. The SG depressurization was initiated by fully opening the depressurization valves in both SGs immediately after a safety injection signal. In the 8-in. break test, loop seal clearing occurred and then core uncovery and heatup took place. Core collapsed liquid level recovered after the initiation of accumulator coolant injection, and long-term core cooling was ensured by the actuation of low-pressure injection system. Adjustment of break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow predicted the break flow rate reasonably well. The code overpredicted the peak cladding temperature because of underprediction of the core collapsed liquid level due to inadequate prediction of the accumulator flow rate in the 8-in. break case.
竹田 武司; 大津 巌
Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-23) (DVD-ROM), 10 Pages, 2015/05
An experiment on accident management (AM) measures during a PWR station blackout transient with the TMLB' scenario and leakage from primary coolant pump seals was conducted using the ROSA/LSTF under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow to the primary system from accumulator tanks. The AM measures are steam generator (SG) secondary-side depressurization by fully opening safety valves (SVs) in both SGs and primary-side depressurization by fully opening SV in pressurizer with the start of core uncovery and coolant injection into the SG secondary-side at low pressures. The decrease was accelerated in the primary pressure when the SG primary-to-secondary heat removal resumed soon after the coolant injection into the SG secondary-side. The primary depressurization worsened due to the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes. The RELAP5 code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of the primary pressure and SG U-tube collapsed liquid level.
竹田 武司; 大貫 晃*; 西 弘昭*
Proceedings of 10th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics, Operation and Safety (NUTHOS-10) (USB Flash Drive), 13 Pages, 2014/12
RELAP5 code post-test analyses were performed on two ROSA/LSTF validation tests for PWR safety system that simulated cold leg small-break LOCAs using SG secondary-side depressurization. The SG depressurization was initiated by fully opening the depressurization valves a little after a safety injection signal. In the 8-in. break test, core uncovery and heatup took place by boil-off. Core collapsed liquid level recovered after accumulator coolant injection. In the 4-in. break test, no core uncovery and heatup happened. Adjustment of break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow predicted the break flow rate reasonably well. The code overpredicted the peak cladding temperature (PCT) because of underprediction of the core collapsed liquid level in the 8-in. break case. Sensitivity analyses indicated that a time delay for SG depressurization start and break discharge coefficient for two-phase discharge flow affect the PCT significantly in the 8-in. break case.
竹田 武司
International Journal of Nuclear Energy, 2014, p.803470_1 - 803470_17, 2014/00
RELAP5 code analyses were performed on ROSA/LSTF experiments that simulated PWR 0.2% vessel bottom small-break LOCAs with different AM measures under an assumption of non-condensable gas inflow. Depressurization of and auxiliary feedwater (AFW) injection into both steam generators (SGs) as the AM measures were taken 10 min after a safety injection signal. The primary depressurization rate of 55 K/h caused rather slow primary depressurization being obstructed by the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes. Core temperature excursion thus took place by core boil-off before the actuation of low-pressure injection (LPI) system. The fast primary depressurization by fully opening the relief valves in both SGs with continuous AFW injection led to long-term core cooling by the LPI actuation even under the gas accumulation in the SG U-tubes. The code indicated remaining problems in the predictions of break flow rate during two-phase flow discharge period and primary pressure after the gas inflow.
鈴木 光弘; 竹田 武司; 浅香 英明; 中村 秀夫
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 43(1), p.55 - 64, 2006/01
被引用回数：10 パーセンタイル：56.98(Nuclear Science & Technology)原研のROSA-V/LSTFを用いてPWRの原子炉容器底部計装管破断を模擬する小破断LOCA実験を行い、高圧注入系不作動時にアクシデントマネージメント(AM)策として行う蒸気発生器(SG)の2次系減圧を通じた1次系冷却操作に、蓄圧注入系(AIS)から流入する非凝縮性ガスが及ぼす影響を明らかにした。AISからガス流入がない場合の計装管9本破断実験では、工学的安全施設作動(SI)信号から10分後に定率(-55K/h)のSG減圧を開始することで、低圧注入系(LPI)を作動させることができた。しかしガス流入を想定した計装管10本破断実験では、SG伝熱管の凝縮熱伝達が低下して1次系減圧が阻害され、LPIの作動以前に炉心露出が生じた。これに対し、SGの2次系逃がし弁全開による急減圧と補助給水系の連続作動を仮定した実験では、炉心露出以前にLPIが作動し長期冷却の可能性を示した。これらのガス流入によるSG伝熱管内凝縮熱伝達阻害についてRELAP5/MOD3コードを用いた解析を行い、実験結果をよく再現できた。さらに、PWRの事故過程を的確にとらえ、AM策の実施判断を行ううえで、1次系圧力と保有水量を指標とするマップが有用なことを示した。
Susyadi; 与能本 泰介
JAERI-Research 2005-011, 64 Pages, 2005/06
JAERI-Research-2005-011.pdf:2.57MB
ROSA/LSTF実験で観測された蒸気発生器(SG)U字管群での非一様流動に着目しPWRにおける定常自然循環を検討した。RELAP5/MOD3コードを用いた解析では、SG挙動を、一次系を1本、又は、5本、又は、9本の平行流路で表し、実験に基づく境界条件を使用するSGモデルを用いて解析した。その結果、5ないし9本の平行流路を用いる場合、逆流,流入と排水,二相成層のような重要な非一様流動現象や、実験と同様な安定な出口流動を再現できることがわかった。しかし二次系への伝熱量は最大15%過小評価された。さらに、特に低圧条件において注意深く入口流量を設定する場合のみ安定な自然循環挙動が得られるなど、定常状態を確立するための問題が見いだされた。
竹田 武司; 浅香 英明; 鈴木 光弘; 中村 秀夫
Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-13) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2005/05
制御棒駆動装置貫通ノズルの周方向のクラックは、PWRの小破断LOCAを引き起こす可能性がある。しかし、原子炉容器上部ヘッド小破断LOCAに関する実験的及び解析的研究は少ない。このため、LSTFを用いて、破断サイズ0.5%の上部ヘッド小破断LOCA模擬実験を行った。実験において、上部ヘッドにおける蓄水が、破断流量を制御する現象となることを見いだした。制御棒案内管の貫通孔近傍が蒸気中に露出するまで、制御棒案内管を介して、上部プレナム内の冷却材は上部ヘッドに流入した。また、二相流放出過程において、上部ヘッドコラプスト水位の振動現象が見られた。RELAP5/MOD3コードは、二相流放出過程における破断流量を過大評価し、実験より早く炉心のボイルオフが開始した。そこで、二相流放出過程における放出係数を破断流量の測定値と比較し補正することにより、上部プレナムと炉心のコラプスト水位は実験結果とよく一致した。この二相流放出係数を用いて、高圧注入系不作動条件下で破断面積が炉心冷却に与える影響を調べた。破断面積が1.5
2.5%の場合、1次系圧力が蓄圧注入系の作動圧力まで低下することにより、炉心の温度上昇が抑制される可能性があることを示した。
鈴木 光弘; 竹田 武司; 浅香 英明; 中村 秀夫
Proceedings of 6th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics, Operations and Safety (NUTHOS-6) (CD-ROM), 14 Pages, 2004/10
原研のROSA-V/LSTFを用いてPWRの原子炉容器底部計装管破断を模擬する小破断LOCA実験を行い、高圧注入系(HPI)不作動時にアクシデント・マネージメント(AM)策として行う蒸気発生器(SG)の2次系減圧を通じた1次系冷却操作に、蓄圧注入系から流入する非凝縮性ガスが及ぼす影響を明らかにした。蓄圧注入系からのガス流入がない場合を想定したコールドレグ0.18%破断に相当する計装管9本破断実験では、工学的安全施設作動(SI)信号から10分後に定率(-55K/h)のSG2次系減圧を開始することで、低圧注入系(LPI)を作動させることができた。しかしガスの流入を想定した計装管10本破断実験では、SG U字管の凝縮熱伝達率が低下して1次系減圧が阻害され、LPIの作動以前に炉心露出が生じた。これに対し、SGの2次系逃がし弁全開による急減圧と補助給水系の連続作動を仮定したパラメータ実験では、炉心露出以前にLPIが作動して長期冷却の可能性を示した。このようなガス流入によるSG伝熱管内の凝縮熱伝達阻害についてRELAP5/MOD3コードを用いた解析を行い、実験結果をよく再現できた。さらに、PWRの事故過程を的確にとらえAM策の実施判断を行ううえで、1次系圧力と保有水量を指標とするマップが有用なことを示した。
